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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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1990-09-17
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EDUCATION, Page 56Bigots in the Ivory TowerRacial, religious and sexual prejudice make a campus comeback
On the magnolia-lined grounds of the University of Mississippi
last August, arsonists torched the first black fraternity house
before its members had even moved in. At Memphis State University
last fall, the Jewish Student Union was spray-painted with
swastikas. Gay men and lesbians at the University of Texas at
Austin have been pelted with rocks and beer bottles while
participating in campus parades. At Temple University in
Philadelphia, 130 undergraduates have formed a White Students Union
dedicated to fighting affirmative-action programs and promoting
"white pride."
Such signs of intolerance are all too common on America's
college campuses. Two decades after the Love Generation traded in
its tribal beads for briefcases and business suits, bigotry and
prejudice are making a comeback. Underlying this ugly renaissance
is a change in the nation's political climate from the idealism
that spawned the civil rights movement in the 1960s to the me-first
ethic that has flourished in the '80s. Many educators blame recent
outbreaks of campus bigotry on the fact that today's students are
largely ignorant about past struggles for racial, sexual and
economic equality. "We failed to help our children learn the
lessons we learned," says Mary Maples Dunn, president of Smith
College in Northampton, Mass. "We thought we'd done good things in
the 1960s, but we rested on our laurels."
The current crop of U.S. undergraduates, who were just toddlers
in the late '60s and early '70s, grew up during a time when the
social gains of those years were under attack. "They have been
raised in an era when equal opportunity has been questioned," says
Albert Camarillo, chairman of a Stanford University committee on
minority concerns. "They have heard people ask if we have done too
much for minorities." Others blame the Reagan Administration's lax
enforcement of civil rights laws for making prejudice socially
acceptable. "The Reagan years provided a context that made people
feel more comfortable expressing intolerance," says John S. Wilson,
assistant director of corporate development at M.I.T.
At the same time, competition for college admissions, as well
as jobs and promotions, has made remedies for past inequities less
appealing. At Berkeley, 22% of the students in last year's entering
class fell into "protected" categories, including Native Americans,
Hispanics and blacks. Asian Americans, who make up 26.5% of
Berkeley's undergraduate population, are an especially tempting
target for abuse because of their high academic performance.
"People say they're too motivated," explains a student. "Especially
in the sciences, whites are insecure." Such fears may even have
tainted the admissions process: last fall the Department of
Education launched an inquiry to determine whether Harvard and UCLA
had set illegal quotas to limit Asian students.
Most schools are taking a tough stand against bigotry. Last
October, after the independent conservative paper Dartmouth Review
compared college president James Freedman, who is Jewish, to
Hitler, the trustees denounced the editors for "ignorance and moral
blindness." Months earlier, the university had taken sterner
action, suspending three Review staffers for harassing a black
professor of music. However, reinstatement of the students was
ordered this month by a superior-court judge, and they are now
suing the university for breach of contract, arguing that it did
not live up to its bylaws, which guarantee free expression.
Some of the most effective actions against campus intolerance
have been taken by students. Ole Miss's mostly white
Interfraternity Council raised $20,000 to renovate another
residence for the black fraternity whose house was burned down.
Students at Syracuse University last month organized a week-long
symposium to celebrate their racial and cultural diversity. The
University of Chicago's mainstream paper, Maroon, took the lead in
denouncing staffers of a right-wing campus periodical who
humiliated homosexuals by placing phony personal ads in a newspaper
and then exposing the identities of those who answered. As a result
of the Maroon's campaign, two editors of the offending publication
were suspended last spring and a $10.1 million damage suit has been
filed against them by some of the injured parties.
These are steps in the right direction. But it is likely that
the country's colleges will be plagued by prejudice as long as
students, complacent in their insensitivity and ignorance, feel
that parents, politicians and even professors find such attitudes
acceptable. Observes Joseph Duffey, chancellor of the University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, the scene of several racial incidents:
"Our campuses are a testing ground for some of the resentments
young people sense are out there in society."